Yintoni idrama?
Idrama yindlela yokubonisa imicimbi, imizwa, kunye neempawu zabantu. Lo mbuzo ubuza ngentsingiselo yegama elithi “idrama,” yaye impendulo icacile: idrama yindlela yokubonisa ubomi babantu — izinto ezenzekayo kubo, indlela abavakalelwa ngayo, kunye nobuntu babo — phambi kwababukeli. Oku kuthetha ukuba idrama ayisosincoko nje okanye ibali elibhaliweyo — yinto ephilayo, edlalwa ngabantu abanye phambi kwabanye.
Kutheni le mpendulo ichanekile?
Igama elithi “idrama” livela kwisiGrike sakudala, apho lalisetyenziswa ukuchaza isenzo esidlalwa eqongeni. Ukusukela kumaxesha akudala, idrama ibiyindlela yokuxelela amabali ngokuthi abantu badlale iindima — hayi ngokufunda incwadi, kodwa ngokwenza izinto phambi kwababukeli. Le nto iyahluka kwezinye iindlela zobugcisa ngenxa yezinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo.
Okokuqala, idrama ibonisa imicimbi — izinto ezenzekayo ebomini babantu, njengengxabano, uthando, imfazwe okanye ukufunyanwa kwenyaniso. Okwesibini, ibonisa imizwa — uloyiko, uvuyo, usizi, umsindo — ngendlela ecacileyo yokuba ababukeli bazive bekhona kuloo meko. Okwesithathu, ibonisa iimpawu zabantu — ubuntu babo, isimilo sabo, indlela abacinga ngayo nabenza ngayo izinto. Ezi zinto zintathu zidibene zenza idrama ibe yinto ekhethekileyo.
Umzekelo ocacileyo ngowedrama kaWilliam Shakespeare ethi “Romeo noJuliet.” Kuloo drama, sibona imicimbi (ukuthandana kweentsapho ezilwayo), imizwa (uthando olunzulu nosizi) kunye neempawu zabantu (ubugorha, ukungxama, nokunyaniseka). Yonke le nto idlalwa ngabantu eqongeni, phambi kwababukeli.
Izinto ezidla ngokubhidaniswa nedrama
Abantu abaninzi badla ngokubhidanisa idrama nezinye izinto. Omnye umntu angathi idrama yibali nje elibhaliweyo — kodwa oko akupheleli. Ibali elibhaliweyo liyafundwa encwadini, kodwa idrama yenzelwe ukudlalwa. Umntu angaphinda athi idrama yifilimu — kodwa ifilimu isetyenziswa ngamakhamera, ngelixa idrama yesiqhelo idlalwa eqongeni phambi kwabantu abakhoyo.
Olunye uphazamiseko kukucinga ukuba idrama yinto elusizi kuphela. Eneneni, igama elithi “drama” lithe laduma njengegama lento ebuhlungu okanye exakekileyo. Kodwa kwicandelo lobugcisa, idrama iquka zonke iintlobo — ezihlekisayo (ikhomedi), ezilusizi (itrajedi), kunye nezo zidibeneyo. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba kubekho abantu ababonisa imicimbi, imizwa neempawu phambi kwababukeli.
Idrama kwimbali yoluntu
Idrama inembali ende kakhulu. AmaGrike akudala ayenesiko lokudlala iidrama kwiithiyetha ezinkulu ezivulekileyo, apho amawaka abantu ayebukela. Ababhali abafana noSophocles noEuripides babhala iidrama ezisadlalwa nanamhlanje emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamawaka amabini. Ezi drama zazibonisa imicimbi yamathongo namaqhawe, kodwa zazisondele kakhulu kubomi babantu — imizwa yoloyiko, ithemba, nomsindo yayicacile kubo bonke ababukeli.
EMzantsi Afrika, idrama inendawo ekhethekileyo kwimbali yethu. Ngexesha lengcinezelo, ababhali abafana noAthol Fugard, uJohn Kani noWinston Ntshona basebenzisa idrama ukubonisa ubunzima bobomi phantsi kocalucalulo. Idrama yabo ethi “Sizwe Banzi Is Dead” yabonisa imicimbi yokuhlupheka, imizwa yomsindo nethemba, kunye neempawu zabantu abalwela isidima sabo. Le nto ibonisa ukuba yintoni idrama ngokwenene — yisixhobo esinamandla sokubonisa ubomi babantu.
Amacebiso okukhumbula intsingiselo yedrama
Xa ubuzwa umbuzo othi “yintoni idrama,” khumbula amagama amathathu aqala ngo-“I”: Imicimbi, Imizwa, Iimpawu. La magama mathathu anika isishwankathelo esipheleleyo sentsingiselo yedrama. Enye indlela kukucinga ngomfanekiso weqonga — umntu emi phambi kwabantu, ebonisa into eyenzekayo, indlela aziva ngayo, nobuntu bakhe. Ukuba impendulo iquka ezo zinto zintathu kunye nokuboniswa phambi kwabantu, yimpendulo echanekileyo.
